The web development roadmap for beginners 2022 | All-time-dev

The web development roadmap for beginners 2022 | All-time-dev

Today we will find out the complete web development roadmap for beginners. So, if you are interested and want more posts like this then share our post with your friends. So, your friends can also increase their productivity and we also get motivated to keep writing amazing posts like this.

HTML

The most important language for a web development roadmap is HTML. This is because HTML helps you create the basic structure of a site in which you can add images, designs, colors, and more to make it beautiful. 

The first version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in the year 1993. Its current version as of now is HTML 5 which has become a standard language of the internet and every modern browser like Google Chrome, Microsoft EDGE, and more. 

Its full form is HyperText Markup language. It contains a series of elements and it tells the web page how to display the content so, popular like almost every web page that a beginner builds uses HTML, and companies like CRED, UDEMY, REDDIT, Delivery Hero, and more are using it and it is integrated with Prism, Animate.css, Clipboard.js and more.

A fact about PHP is that it is implemented in the C language. There are many different pros of using HTML - 

1. HTML5 isn’t a proprietary code means that (you don't have to pay royalty with HTML)
2. The cross-platform means that (you can use it on your mobile, PC, or tablet, and more easily)
3. It also supports both video and audio (it also has video and audio tags which you can use to include both video and audio on your web page)
4. Its code is very simple which makes (it easier for you to learn and understand the code)
5. It offers the benefits of search engine optimization, 
6. It requires less maintenance than other options in the market, 
7. It is very lightweight means that (if you have a computer with very fewer specs then also you can do web development and design with HTML)
8. It is compatible with all modern browsers. 
9. It also has a variety of syntaxes for different uses like DIV(for creating a division), h1 to h6(to make text bigger and smaller according to a serial number)
10. It has a very big community with good documentation which provides you solutions for every problem with HTML that you may counter.
11. It is compatible with every text editor like VS CODE, Sublime, VIM, and more.
12. You can separate CSS and JavaScript code from HTML. It is very organized.
13. You can store user data temporarily with HTML within a SQL database.

So, these are some of the popular pros of HTML. But along with pros, there are some cons of HTML like -

1. It requires modern browsers to access it. It is not supported by some old versions, especially HTML 5.
2. There are media licensing issues with HTML. HTML media is offered in different formats because of the wide range of compatibility which may cause media licensing issues.
3. A problem in making the website responsive.
4. Difficulty in making JS games under HTML.

CSS

CSS is a style sheet language. CSS' full form is Cascading Style Sheets which is used for styling a web page. You can use different attributes to do styling like if you want to color a text then you can use the color attribute at the span, h3, or any other tag for text to color it in any color like orange, red, blue, purple, green, etc. CSS was developed by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). 

Its initial release date is December 17, 1996. There are types of CSS inline(you can write CSS in a line with it), internal (you can write CSS on the same page with it), and external (you can write CSS on an external page with it). 

Its current version is 3 and like HTML5 only CSS3 is supported by modern browsers Google Chrome, Microsoft EDGE, and more. It is integrated with Font Awesome, Animate.CSS, Select2, BootstrapVue, and more, and companies like Alibaba Travels, Glovo, UpstageAI, Barolo, MasterCard, InFlearn, etc are using it for their projects and like HTML only it is supported, by default in every text editor like VS CODE, VIM, Sublime and more. There are some amazing pros of CSS like -

1. Provides better speed.
2. It is easier to maintain.
3. It has a consistent design.
4. It is time-saving.
5. Reusable.
6. Easy to learn and understand the code.
7. Easy to create a web page using CSS3.
8. Provides better compatibility.
9. Provides a lot of methods to make the website responsive.

But like pros only. It has some cons like -

1. Confusion due to many CSS versions.
2. Cross-browser issues.
3. Limited Security.
4. Extra work for developers.
5. It is not centralized you have to separately edit every page.

JavaScript

JavaScript which is additionally called ECMAScript was released around 1996. it was developed by a developer of Netscape Navigator INC so developer's name was Brenden Eich. 

At that point, IE (Internet Explorer) and Netscape Navigator were the 2 hottest browsers and he (Brenden Eich) developed JavaScript for Netscape 2 then in 1996, it was released with JavaScript 1.0, later it became ECMA-262 from Netscape 2 in 1997, after sometime when the Netscape company handled JavaScript to ECMA. 

Mozilla continued to develop JavaScript for or browser and in 1997 only ES1 was released and IE 4 became the primary browser to support JavaScript in 2018 ES6 was supported by all browsers including Google Chrome, Edge, etc and corporations like Airbnb, Instagram, Slack, StackShare are using it for his or her projects and JavaScript is integrated with Web Pack, Redux, Yarn, WebStorm, etc. There are many advantages of JavaScript -

1. JavaScript is very fast.
2. It is very simple to use.
3. Online support
4. Big community and has good documentation for beginners.
5. Interoperability
6. Modern-day scripting language

But along with advantages, there are some disadvantages of JavaScript too like - 

1. Not good for client-side security.
2. It has less code visibility
3. It is time-consuming
4. It has advanced competitors like Python.

PHP

PHP is a backend programming language or server-side scripting language which is embedded in HTML. It is used to develop static or dynamic websites or even web applications and was especially, aimed at web development. 

The complete form of PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor but the old complete form of PHP was Personal Home Pages. Rasmus Lerdorf developed the first version of PHP in the year 1994 he was a Danish-Candian programmer. 

There are 6 versions of PHP as of now, the current version of PHP as of now is PHP 7 and PHP 7.4 is considered the best version of PHP. PHP is a cross-platform language that you can use on major OS (Operating Systems) like Linux, Windows, and Mac OS and you can use it with all leading web servers like Nginx, OpenBSD, and APACHE it is also supported by cloud environments like Microsoft Azure and Amazon AWS. 

PHP is also very flexible. It’s not only limited to processing HTML. PHP has built-in support for generating PDF, GIF, JPEG, and PNG images and it is supported by DBMS (Database Management System) like MySQL, Mongo DB, Oracle Database, and more. 

Companies like Facebook, BitPanda, WordPress, and more are using PHP and it is also integrated with Laravel with a PHP backend framework, DataDog, Sentry, JavaScript, and more. There are many advantages of PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) -

1. It is open-source and free of cost.
2. It can run on various OS (Operating Systems).
3. It is easy to learn and use.
4. Good support and assistance.
5. It has a big community and its error solutions are easily available.
6. Helps to manage your code easily.
7. It provides powerful library support.
8. It has error reporting.

But like advantages, there are some disadvantages of PHP like -

1. Not running for giant applications.
2. Weak and causes input of incorrect data.
3. One needs to learn built-in functionalities to avoid writing access code.
4. Using many features can cause poor performance.
5. Doesn't allow modifications of online apps(applications).
6. Unsafe to use and handle. 

MySQL

MySQL is a relational database management system (DBMS - A database management system (or DBMS) is essentially nothing more than a computerized data-keeping system) based on SQL – Structured Query Language. The application is used for a wide range of purposes, including data warehousing, e-commerce, logging applications, etc. 

The most common use for MySQL however, is for the purpose of a web database. It is an open-source database management system (DBMS). Its co-founder's name is Michael Widenius. The name "MySQL" is based on "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL" the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. 

Oracle Corporation the owner of Java language only is the developer of MySQL now and it is supported by OS(Operating Systems) like Linux, Solaris, macOS, Windows, and FreeBSD. It was initially released on 23 May 1995, 26 years ago and it is written in C and C++ language. 

Companies like Uber, Airbnb, Netflix, Pinterest, Shopify, Amazon, Udemy, Twitter, and more are using it. It is integrated with Travis CI, Datadog, Slick, Amazon DynamoDB, JSON, Amazon Redshift, and more. There are many advantages of MySQL -

1. It is widely adopted.
2. Easy to use
3. It is Open-Source.
4. It has a well-defined community.
5. Efficient for non-changing data.
6. Secure

But like other languages, it also has some disadvantages along with advantages -

1. It is hard to scale.
2. It is less efficient with very less with very large datasets.
3. It is not fully SQL compliant.
4. It requires specialized personnel.
5. It is problematic in dev environments.

Conclusion

All the languages that I have mentioned here are only for beginners who are new to web development and want a simple or normal job for web development like web designing, backend development, front-end development, etc. 

So, if you are a beginner then only I will recommend you this roadmap else if you want to become a professional and have time to learn such skills and want a better post then I would recommend you learn MERN stack or MEAN stack. If you want a post on the top 5 stacks or a detailed post on MERN then you can comment in the comment section.